Halbach Components

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Halbach Components

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Halbach Components

Detail

The Halbach array is a special arrangement of magnets, invented by American physicist Klaus Halbach in 1980. The array is characterized by a magnetic field that is very concentrated on one side of the array and almost zero on the other.Halbach arrays are made by skillfully arranging permanent magnets so that the magnetic lines of force are enhanced on one side of the array and cancel each other out on the opposite side.

Characteristics of Halbach array:

1. Asymmetry of the magnetic field: this is the most significant feature of the Halbach array. The magnetic field is strong on one side of the array and almost disappears across 180 degrees.
2. Localized enhancement of the magnetic field: It is possible to generate a more concentrated magnetic field on one side of the array than conventional magnets.
3. Adjustability of the magnetic field: By changing the arrangement and size of the magnets, the magnetic field distribution can be adjusted.

Application areas:

1. Motors and generators: Halbach arrays can be used to create more efficient and smaller motors and generators.
2. Magnetic levitation devices: The use of a strong magnetic field on one side of the array can be used to achieve stable magnetic levitation of objects.
3. Medical devices: In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Halbach arrays can be used to generate a more uniform magnetic field.
4. Sensors: Sensors used to accurately measure parameters such as angle and position.
5. Linear actuators: In linear motion applications where precise control is required.

Principle of operation:

Halbach arrays work by arranging magnets in a regular pattern (usually alternating polarity) so that the magnetic fields of each magnet are superimposed on each other in space. On one side of the array, these fields reinforce each other, while on the other side they cancel each other out, resulting in a significantly stronger magnetic field on one side of the array and a significantly weaker field on the other side, thus producing a stronger magnetic field with fewer magnets.

Below is a comparison between the effect of a normal magnet arrangement and the effect of a Halbach array arrangement.

This is a practical application of Helbeh

(2-stage Heilbech motor stator consisting of 16 magnets)

The following is the waveform and magnetic field distribution of the stator

The magnetic field is sinusoidally distributed, and the greater the number of magnets in each pole, the higher the degree of sinusoidal distribution.

Advantages:

* Reduce the harmonic of motor.
* Enlarge air gap of motor
* Increased utilization of magnetic field

Magnetic properties of Sintered NdFeB magnets:

Grade	Residual magnetism Br				Coercivity HcB		Endowed with coercivity Hcj		Maximum magnetic energy product (BH)max				Recommended maximum working temperature
	Residual magnetism Br				Coercivity HcB		Endowed with coercivity Hcj		Maximum magnetic energy product (BH)max
	kGs		T		kOe	kA/m	kOe	kA/m	MGOe		kJ/m3
	kGs		T		kOe	kA/m	kOe	kA/m	MGOe		kJ/m3		L/D≥0.7
	Max	Min	Max	Min	Min	Min	Min	Min	Max	Min	Max	Min	℃
N30	11.3	10.8	1.13	1.08	≥10	≥796	≥12	≥955	31	28	247	223	≤80
N33	11.8	11.3	1.18	1.13	≥10.5	≥836	≥12	≥955	34	31	271	247	≤80
N35	12.2	11.8	1.22	1.18	≥10.9	≥868	≥12	≥955	36	33	287	263	≤80
N38	12.6	12.2	1.26	1.22	≥11.3	≥899	≥12	≥955	39	36	311	287	≤80
N40	12.9	12.6	1.29	1.26	≥11.4	≥907	≥12	≥955	41	38	327	302	≤80
N42	13.3	12.9	1.33	1.29	≥11.5	≥915	≥12	≥955	43	40	342	318	≤80
N45	13.7	13.3	1.37	1.33	≥11.5	≥915	≥12	≥955	46	43	366	342	≤80
N48	14.1	13.7	1.41	1.37	≥11	≥876	≥12	≥955	49	45	390	358	≤80
N50	14.5	14.0	1.45	1.40	≥11	≥876	≥12	≥955	51	47	406	374	≤80
N52	14.8	14.3	1.48	1.43	≥10.9	≥868	≥11	≥876	53	49	422	390	≤70
N55	15.2	14.6	1.52	1.46	≥10.5	≥836	≥11	≥876	55	51	438	406	≤70
30M	11.3	10.8	1.13	1.08	≥10	≥796	≥14	≥1114	31	28	247	223	≤100
33M	11.8	11.3	1.18	1.13	≥10.5	≥836	≥14	≥1114	34	31	271	247	≤100
35M	12.2	11.8	1.22	1.18	≥10.9	≥868	≥14	≥1114	36	33	287	263	≤100
38M	12.6	12.2	1.26	1.22	≥11.3	≥899	≥14	≥1114	39	36	311	287	≤100
40M	12.9	12.6	1.29	1.26	≥11.6	≥923	≥14	≥1114	41	38	327	302	≤100
42M	13.3	12.9	1.33	1.29	≥12	≥955	≥14	≥1114	43	40	342	318	≤100
45M	13.7	13.3	1.37	1.33	≥12.5	≥995	≥14	≥1114	46	43	366	342	≤100
48M	14.1	13.7	1.41	1.37	≥12.9	≥1027	≥14	≥1114	49	45	390	358	≤100
50M	14.5	14.0	1.45	1.40	≥13.,1	≥1043	≥14	≥1114	51	47	406	374	≤100
52M	14.7	14.2	1.47	1.42	≥12.9	≥1027	≥14	≥1114	53	49	422	390	≤100
54M	15.2	14.7	1.52	1.47	≥12.5	≥995	≥14	≥1114	55	51	438	406	≤100
30H	11.3	10.8	1.13	1.08	≥10	≥796	≥17	≥1353	31	28	247	223	≤120
33H	11.8	11.3	1.18	1.13	≥10.5	≥836	≥17	≥1353	34	31	271	247	≤120
35H	12.2	11.8	1.22	1.18	≥10.9	≥868	≥17	≥1353	36	33	287	263	≤120
38H	12.6	12.2	1.26	1.22	≥11.3	≥899	≥17	≥1353	39	36	311	287	≤120
40H	12.9	12.6	1.29	1.26	≥11.6	≥923	≥17	≥1353	41	38	327	302	≤120

Grade	Residual magnetism Br				Coercivity HcB		Endowed with coercivity Hcj		Maximum magnetic energy product (BH)max				Recommended maximum working temperature
	Residual magnetism Br				Coercivity HcB		Endowed with coercivity Hcj		Maximum magnetic energy product (BH)max
	kGs		T		kOe	kA/m	kOe	kA/m	MGOe		kJ/m3
	kGs		T		kOe	kA/m	kOe	kA/m	MGOe		kJ/m3		L/D≥0.7
	Max	Min	Max	Min	Min	Min	Min	Min	Max	Min	Max	Min	℃
42H	13.3	12.9	1.33	1.29	≥12	≥955	≥17	≥1353	43	40	342	318	≤120
45H	13.7	13.3	1.37	1.33	≥12.5	≥995	≥17	≥1353	46	43	366	342	≤120
48H	14.1	13.7	1.41	1.37	≥12.9	≥1027	≥17	≥1353	49	46	390	366	≤120
50H	14.5	14.0	1.45	1.40	≥13	≥1034	≥17	≥1350	51	47	406	374	≤120
52H	14.7	14.2	1.47	1.42	≥13.5	≥1074	≥17	≥1350	53	49	422	390	≤120
30SH	11.4	10.8	1.14	1.08	≥10.1	≥804	≥20	≥1592	31	28	247	223	≤150
33SH	11.8	11.4	1.18	1.14	≥10.6	≥844	≥20	≥1592	34	31	271	247	≤150
35SH	12.2	11.8	1.22	1.18	≥11.0	≥876	≥20	≥1592	36	33	287	263	≤150
38SH	12.6	12.2	1.26	1.22	≥11.4	≥907	≥20	≥1592	39	36	311	287	≤150
40SH	12.9	12.6	1.29	1.26	≥11.6	≥939	≥20	≥1592	41	38	326	302	≤150
42SH	13.3	12.9	1.33	1.29	≥12.4	≥987	≥20	≥1592	43	40	342	318	≤150
45SH	13.7	13.2	1.37	1.32	≥12.6	≥1003	≥20	≥1592	46	42	366	334	≤150
48SH	14.1	13.7	1.41	1.37	≥12.9	≥1027	≥20	≥1592	49	46	390	366	≤150
50SH	14.5	14.0	1.45	1.40	≥13	≥1034	≥20	≥1592	51	47	406	374	≤150
52SH	14.7	14.2	1.47	1.42	≥13.5	≥1074	≥20	≥1592	53	49	422	390	≤150
28UH	10.8	10.4	1.08	1.04	≥9.6	≥764	≥25	≥1989	29	26	231	207	≤180
30UH	11.4	10.8	1.14	1.08	≥10.1	≥804	≥25	≥1989	31	28	247	223	≤180
33UH	11.8	11.4	1.18	1.14	≥10.7	≥852	≥25	≥1989	34	31	271	247	≤180
35UH	12.2	11.8	1.22	1.18	≥10.8	≥860	≥25	≥1989	36	33	287	263	≤180
38UH	12.6	12.2	1.26	1.22	≥11.3	≥899	≥25	≥1989	39	36	311	287	≤180
40UH	12.9	12.5	1.29	1.25	≥11.3	≥899	≥25	≥1989	41	38	326	302	≤180
42UH	13.3	12.8	1.33	1.28	≥11.6	≥923	≥25	≥1989	43	40	342	318	≤180
45UH	13.7	13.2	1.37	1.32	≥12.5	≥995	≥25	≥1989	46	42	366	334	≤180
28EH	10.8	10.4	1.08	1.04	≥9.8	≥780	≥30	≥2388	29	26	231	207	≤200
30EH	11.4	10.8	1.14	1.08	≥10.1	≥804	≥30	≥2388	31	28	247	223	≤200
33EH	11.8	11.4	1.18	1.14	≥10.3	≥820	≥30	≥2388	34	31	271	247	≤200
35EH	12.2	11.8	1.22	1.18	≥10.5	≥836	≥30	≥2388	36	33	287	263	≤200
38EH	12.6	12.2	1.26	1.22	≥11.3	≥899	≥30	≥2388	39	35	311	278	≤200

Grade	Residual magnetism Br				Coercivity HcB		Endowed with coercivity Hcj		Maximum magnetic energy product (BH)max				Recommended maximum working temperature
	Residual magnetism Br				Coercivity HcB		Endowed with coercivity Hcj		Maximum magnetic energy product (BH)max
	kGs		T		kOe	kA/m	kOe	kA/m	MGOe		kJ/m3
	kGs		T		kOe	kA/m	kOe	kA/m	MGOe		kJ/m3		L/D≥0.7
	Max	Min	Max	Min	Min	Min	Min	Min	Max	Min	Max	Min	℃
40EH	12.9	12.5	1.29	1.25	≥11.3	≥899	≥30	≥2388	41	38	326	302	≤200
42EH	13.3	12.8	1.33	1.28	≥11.6	≥923	≥30	≥2388	43	40	342	318	≤200
45EH	13.7	13.2	1.37	1.32	≥12.5	≥995	≥30	≥2388	46	42	366	334	≤200
28AH	10.9	10.4	1.09	1.04	≥9.8	≥780	≥35	≥2785	29	26	231	207	≤230
30AH	11.3	10.8	1.13	1.08	≥10.1	≥804	≥35	≥2785	31	28	247	223	≤230
33AH	11.8	11.3	1.18	1.13	≥10.3	≥820	≥35	≥2785	34	31	271	247	≤230
35AH	12.2	11.8	1.22	1.18	≥10.5	≥860	≥35	≥2785	36	33	287	263	≤230
38AH	12.6	12.2	1.26	1.22	≥11.3	≥899	≥35	≥2785	39	35	311	278	≤230

Note: The above magnetic performance parameters are tested at 20℃~23℃ room temperature.

Grade	Residual magnetism Br				Coercivity HcB		Endowed with coercivity Hcj		Maximum magnetic energy product (BH)max
	Residual magnetism Br				Coercivity HcB		Endowed with coercivity Hcj		Maximum magnetic energy product (BH)max
	kGs		T		kOe	kA/m	kOe	kA/m	MGOe		kJ/m3
	kGs		T		kOe	kA/m	kOe	kA/m	MGOe		kJ/m3
	Max	Min	Max	Min	Min	Min	Min	Min	Max	Min	Max	Min
G50SH	14.4	13.9	1.44	1.39	13.0	1035	20	1592	50	47	398	374
G50SHT	14.4	13.9	1.44	1.39	13.0	1035	22	1751	50	47	398	374
G52SH	14.6	14.2	1.46	1.42	13.2	1050	20	1592	52	49	414	390
G52SHT	14.6	14.2	1.46	1.42	13.2	1050	22	1751	52	49	414	390
G45UH	13.7	13.2	1.37	1.32	12.4	987	25	2149	46	42	366	334
G45UHT	13.7	13.2	1.37	1.32	12.4	987	27	2149	46	42	366	334
G48UH	14.0	13.6	1.40	1.36	12.7	1011	25	1990	48	45	382	358
G48UHT	14.0	13.6	1.40	1.36	12.7	1011	27	2149	48	45	382	358
G50UH	14.4	13.9	1.44	1.39	13.0	1035	25	1990	50	47	398	374
G52UH	14.5	14.2	1.45	1.42	13.7	1090	26	1989	52	49	414	390
G42EHT	13.3	12.8	1.33	1.28	12.0	955	32	2547	43	40	342	318
G45EH	13.7	13.2	1.37	1.32	12.4	987	30	2388	46	42	366	334
G45EHT	13.7	13.2	1.37	1.32	12.4	987	32	2547	46	42	366	334
G38AHT	12.6	12.1	1.26	1.21	11.8	939	37	2945	39	35	310	278
G40AH	12.9	12.5	1.29	1.25	12.0	955	35	2786	41	38	326	302
G40AHT	12.9	12.5	1.29	1.25	12.0	955	37	2945	41	38	326	302
G42AH	13.3	12.8	1.33	1.28	12.0	955	35	2786	43	40	342	318

Note: The above magnetic performance parameters are tested at 20℃~23℃ room temperature.

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